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Yangquan occupies a distinctive position in eastern Shanxi Province, China, nestled within the Taihang Mountains at an average elevation of approximately 700 meters above sea level. This prefecture-level city lies in a basin-like valley surrounded by rugged terrain, which significantly influences its air quality dynamics. Situated about 100 kilometers southwest of the provincial capital Taiyuan, Yangquan forms part of the broader Shanxi industrial belt, historically known for coal mining and heavy industry. The city's urban core blends with surrounding rural and semi-rural areas, creating a pronounced urban–rural gradient where pollution disperses unevenly. No major rivers or large bodies of water exist immediately adjacent to the urban area, reducing natural ventilation effects. The surrounding mountains act as a partial barrier to air movement, particularly during stable weather conditions, trapping pollutants emitted from urban activities, transportation networks, and residual industrial operations. This topographic confinement, combined with the region's legacy as a coal-producing hub, creates a microenvironment where particulate matter and other emissions can accumulate, especially during periods of low wind. The city's location in northern China's interior also means it experiences continental climate influences, with limited maritime moderation affecting pollution dispersion patterns.

Yangquan's air quality follows a distinct seasonal rhythm shaped by its continental climate and topographic setting. Winter months, particularly December through February, typically see the poorest air quality due to coal-based heating systems operating across the region, combined with frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants in the valley basin. Cold, stagnant air and limited wind movement exacerbate particulate matter accumulation, making these months challenging for outdoor activities, especially for sensitive groups like children, elderly residents, and those with respiratory conditions. Spring brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind patterns become more variable, though March and April can still experience dust events from the Loess Plateau. Summer offers the cleanest air, with June through August benefiting from increased convective activity, occasional rainfall, and southeasterly monsoon winds that help disperse pollutants. However, high temperatures can occasionally lead to ozone formation. Autumn begins with relatively good conditions in September but deteriorates through October and November as heating systems restart and atmospheric stability increases. Residents should plan strenuous outdoor activities for summer months, while winter requires precautions like limiting prolonged exposure and using air purifiers indoors. Sensitive individuals should monitor daily air quality reports year-round, particularly during transitional seasons when conditions can change rapidly.