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Planadas, nestled in the Tolima department of Colombia, occupies a geographically significant position within the Andean foothills. Located at approximately 3.1964° latitude and -75.6444° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of around 1,700 meters (5,577 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate compared to lower-lying regions. The surrounding landscape is dominated by rolling hills and valleys, characteristic of the Andean region, interspersed with patches of tropical dry forest and agricultural land. The Magdalena River, a vital waterway for Colombia, flows relatively close to Planadas, influencing local humidity and microclimates. The urban character of Planadas is primarily that of a regional market town, serving the surrounding agricultural communities. The dominant land use is a blend of residential areas, small-scale commercial establishments, and agricultural fields, particularly dedicated to coffee, sugarcane, and plantain cultivation. This agricultural activity, while economically crucial, can contribute to localized air pollution through the use of machinery and, occasionally, burning practices. The urban-rural gradient transitions rapidly from the town center to the surrounding countryside, with small farms and rural settlements gradually giving way to more extensive agricultural zones. The terrain’s undulating nature can trap pollutants, especially during periods of low wind, and the proximity to the Magdalena River can lead to humidity-related issues impacting pollutant dispersion. The region's position within a major agricultural belt means that pesticide drift and fertilizer application can also influence local air quality.

Planadas experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons rather than the four traditional seasons. The dry season, typically spanning from December to April, often sees a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to agricultural practices; controlled burns for land clearing and sugarcane harvesting become more prevalent, releasing smoke and ash into the atmosphere. Reduced rainfall during this period also limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation, allowing pollutants to linger. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, can trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating the issue. The wet season, from May to November, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity, generally leading to improved air quality as pollutants are washed away. However, periods of heavy fog, particularly in the mornings, can temporarily reduce visibility and trap moisture-bound pollutants. Wind patterns are generally variable, but periods of calm air during the dry season are particularly concerning. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution times, typically in the mornings. Agricultural workers should prioritize protective equipment when working in areas with burning or pesticide application. While the wet season generally offers respite, periods of intense rainfall can lead to flooding, which can stir up dust and other pollutants, so caution is still advised. Maintaining good ventilation indoors and avoiding exposure to smoke are crucial preventative measures throughout the year.