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Viškovo, nestled within Primorsko-Goranska Županija in Croatia, occupies a geographically significant position at the foothills of the Dinara Alps, approximately 11 kilometers southwest of Rijeka, the region’s largest port city. Its coordinates (45.3759, 14.3789) place it within a landscape characterized by a gradual urban–rural gradient. The terrain is predominantly hilly, with elevations ranging from around 200 to 450 meters above sea level, influencing local air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is a mix of forested slopes, agricultural fields (primarily vineyards and olive groves), and scattered rural settlements. The proximity to the Adriatic Sea, roughly 8 kilometers to the west, introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures and occasionally bringing in sea breezes. However, this proximity also means the city is susceptible to episodes of coastal fog, which can trap pollutants. Rijeka’s industrial belt, including its oil refineries and shipping activities, represents a potential source of air pollution, with prevailing winds occasionally carrying emissions towards Viškovo. The town itself is a growing residential area, largely suburban in character, with limited heavy industry. The Dinara Alps to the southeast act as a barrier, potentially hindering the dispersion of pollutants, particularly during periods of stable atmospheric conditions. The local topography, combined with the regional industrial presence and coastal location, creates a complex interplay of factors that shape Viškovo’s air quality profile.

Viškovo’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Summer, typically from June to August, often sees periods of stable atmospheric conditions and temperature inversions, particularly in the evenings. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, potentially exacerbating issues stemming from regional industrial activity and vehicle emissions. The warm, dry conditions can also contribute to increased ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) generally offer improved air quality due to increased wind speeds and rainfall, which help disperse and wash away pollutants. However, autumn can also bring episodes of fog, especially in October and November, which can temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants. Winter (December-February) presents a mixed picture. While colder temperatures can reduce ozone formation, the increased use of heating systems, particularly wood-burning stoves in some households, can contribute to particulate matter pollution. Periods of prolonged calm and cold, coupled with fog, can lead to localized air quality degradation. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during summer evenings and winter periods of prolonged calm. Outdoor activities are generally best enjoyed during spring and autumn when wind patterns are more favourable and rainfall is more frequent, helping to naturally cleanse the air.