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Najasa, a municipality within the Camagüey Province of Cuba, is situated at coordinates 21.0836°N, -77.7472°W, placing it in the central region of the island. With a population of approximately 15,579, Najasa’s geography is characterised by relatively flat, low-lying terrain typical of much of Camagüey. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, dominated by cattle ranching and sugarcane cultivation, a legacy of Cuba’s colonial past. This agricultural activity significantly influences local air quality. The city isn’t directly coastal, lying inland approximately 60km from the northern coast and the Atlantic Ocean, mitigating the direct influence of marine aerosols but also reducing natural dispersion of pollutants. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; Najasa itself is a relatively small urban centre surrounded by extensive rural areas. There are no major industrial belts within Najasa itself, however, regional industrial activity in Camagüey city (approximately 80km to the east) can contribute to background pollution levels. The porous limestone bedrock prevalent in the region affects drainage and can contribute to dust resuspension during drier periods. The lack of significant topographical features limits natural ventilation, potentially exacerbating localised pollution events. This flat terrain, combined with agricultural practices, creates a unique set of air quality challenges for Najasa.

Najasa experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality in Najasa is generally better during the wet season (May to October) due to increased rainfall which effectively washes particulate matter from the atmosphere. However, high humidity can also promote the formation of mould spores, impacting respiratory health. The driest months, November to April, consistently present the poorest air quality. This is largely due to increased dust from agricultural activities – sugarcane harvesting and land preparation – and the lack of precipitation to suppress it. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler, drier months, trap pollutants near the ground, worsening conditions. February and March are typically the most challenging months for those with respiratory sensitivities. Stronger winds associated with occasional cold fronts during the dry season can offer temporary relief, but also contribute to dust transport from surrounding areas. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with asthma, should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly on windy days. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors when dust levels are high is crucial for protecting respiratory health. The wet season offers a reprieve, but vigilance regarding mould and humidity remains important.