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Regla occupies a unique spatial position within the province of La Habana, situated on the eastern shore of the Bay of Havana. This municipality functions as a coastal enclave, characterized by low-lying limestone terrain and a dense, historic urban fabric that blends colonial architecture with mid-century residential growth. Its geography is defined by its intimacy with the water; the bay acts as both a physical barrier and a meteorological conduit. This maritime proximity creates a distinct microclimate where sea breezes frequently penetrate the urban grid, facilitating the dispersion of ground-level pollutants. However, the town's position also makes it susceptible to the accumulation of emissions from the maritime traffic traversing the harbor. Unlike the sprawling mainland of Havana, Regla’s constrained land area limits the presence of large-scale industrial belts, though small-scale workshops and port-related activities contribute to local particulate matter. The urban-rural gradient is sharp, as the dense settlement quickly gives way to coastal scrublands and fragmented agricultural patches on the periphery and the surrounding salt marshes. Elevation is minimal, meaning there are no significant topographical barriers to trap air, yet the high humidity levels common to the Caribbean basin can lead to the formation of aerosols, which trap pollutants closer to the surface. Consequently, Regla’s air quality is a delicate balance between the cleansing effect of the Atlantic trade winds and the localized emissions from an aging transport fleet and the bustling naval activity within the bay, facing constant environmental pressures.

Regla’s air quality is governed by the tropical oscillation between the dry season, from November to April, and the wet season, spanning May to October. During the dry season, the atmosphere is characterized by higher stability and lower precipitation, which can lead to a gradual build-up of particulate matter. In the cooler months of December and January, occasional temperature inversions may occur, trapping vehicle exhaust and shipping emissions near the ground, particularly during the early morning hours. This period often sees a peak in localized pollutants, making it a time when sensitive groups, such as asthmatics, should limit strenuous outdoor activity. Conversely, the wet season brings the powerful cleansing power of heavy convective rainfall and tropical storms. These precipitation events effectively "wash" the atmosphere, scrubbing aerosols and dust from the air and very significantly lowering pollutant concentrations. The prevailing trade winds are strongest during the summer, pushing maritime air inland and flushing out the bay's stagnant pockets. However, high humidity during these months can exacerbate the feeling of air heaviness and trigger respiratory distress in some individuals. To optimize health, residents and visitors should favor the late afternoon during the wet season for outdoor exercise, as the air is typically freshest following midday showers. For those with chronic respiratory conditions, the transition periods in May and October are critical, as shifting wind patterns can either concentrate or disperse pollutants rapidly across the municipality’s diverse coastal landscape.