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Zábřeh, nestled within the Olomoucký Kraj of the Czech Republic, occupies a distinctive geographical position in the foothills of the Jeseníky Mountains. Located at coordinates 49.8825, 16.8722, the city sits at an elevation of approximately 350 meters above sea level, influencing local weather patterns and air circulation. The surrounding landscape is characterized by rolling hills and forested areas, transitioning into more rugged mountainous terrain to the south. The Morava River flows nearby, though not directly through the city centre, providing a degree of natural ventilation but also potentially trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. Zábřeh’s urban character is that of a medium-sized town, exhibiting a blend of residential areas, commercial zones, and light industrial activity. Historically, the region has been significant for agriculture and textile production, with remnants of these industries still present. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural lands dominating the immediate surroundings. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of particulate matter from farming activities, while the mountainous terrain can limit pollutant dispersion, particularly during stable atmospheric conditions. The city’s location within a valley contributes to the potential for localized air quality issues, especially during periods of low wind speed.

Zábřeh experiences a temperate continental climate, significantly impacting its air quality throughout the year. Winter, from December to February, typically sees the poorest air quality due to increased reliance on solid fuel heating for residential purposes, coupled with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. Calm, cold conditions exacerbate this, making these months less favourable for outdoor activity, particularly for individuals with respiratory conditions. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural burning can temporarily elevate particulate matter levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from prevailing winds and higher atmospheric mixing. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to deteriorating conditions as heating systems are reactivated, and damp, foggy weather can trap pollutants. October and November are often marked by stagnant air masses. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular illnesses – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn months. Monitoring local forecasts and adjusting activity levels accordingly is crucial for maintaining health. Periods of strong winds in spring and summer offer the best opportunities for outdoor recreation.