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Klášterec nad Ohří, nestled within the Ústecký Kraj of the Czech Republic, occupies a geographically complex position in the foothills of the Ore Mountains (Krušné hory). The city’s location at 50.3903°N, 13.1719°E, is characterised by rolling hills and valleys carved by the Ohře River, which significantly influences local microclimates. Historically, the area was heavily industrialised, particularly with coal mining and related processing, leaving a legacy of potential air quality challenges. The surrounding landscape is a mix of forested slopes, remnants of brownfields, and agricultural land, creating a varied urban-rural gradient. Klášterec’s elevation, around 340m above sea level, contributes to the potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants during stable atmospheric conditions. The proximity to larger industrial centres like Most and Litvínov, further upstream on the Ohře, means the city can experience pollutant transport. The terrain funnels airflows, impacting dispersion patterns. The city’s urban form is compact, with a mix of older residential areas and industrial zones, influencing local ventilation. Understanding this interplay between topography, industrial history, and regional air movement is crucial for assessing and mitigating air pollution in Klášterec nad Ohří.

Air quality in Klášterec nad Ohří exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from November to February, typically sees the poorest air quality. Low temperatures create stable atmospheric conditions, exacerbating temperature inversions and trapping pollutants from domestic heating – primarily coal and wood burning – alongside residual industrial emissions. Calm winds further hinder dispersion. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and rainfall increases, washing pollutants from the atmosphere. However, agricultural activities can contribute to particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with higher temperatures promoting better dispersion and increased vegetation absorbing pollutants. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to ozone formation. Autumn (September-October) sees a return to poorer conditions as heating demand increases and atmospheric stability returns. Fog, common in the Ohře valley during autumn and winter, can trap pollutants, reducing visibility and worsening air quality. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter months and periods of fog. Monitoring wind direction is key; winds from the northeast often carry pollutants from nearby industrial areas.