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Jihlava, nestled in the Vysočina region of the Czech Republic, occupies a geographically significant position within a landscape sculpted by rolling hills and the remnants of ancient volcanic activity. Situated at approximately 49.4003° N, 15.5906° E, the city’s elevation averages around 510 meters (1,673 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate and influencing local air circulation patterns. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of grain and rapeseed interspersed with wooded areas, creating a distinct urban–rural gradient. While Jihlava itself is a compact urban center, it’s not isolated; it lies within a broader network of smaller towns and villages, reflecting the region’s historical role as a market town and administrative hub. The absence of major rivers directly traversing the city means water bodies play a less significant role in air quality regulation compared to cities with extensive waterways. Historically, the area supported mining activities, particularly for iron ore, leaving a legacy of industrial infrastructure, though much of this has been repurposed or decommissioned. The city’s location within a relatively sheltered valley can, however, exacerbate air pollution episodes, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of particulate matter from farming practices, while the broader region’s industrial belt, located further west, can contribute to transboundary pollution events. The urban character is defined by its well-preserved historical center, a contrast to the more modern residential areas expanding outwards, impacting local microclimates and pollutant dispersion.

Jihlava’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Winter months (December-February) often present the greatest challenges. Cold temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground, leading to increased concentrations of particulate matter and other emissions. Fog, common during this period, further reduces atmospheric mixing, exacerbating the problem. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, dispersing pollutants more effectively. Agricultural activities, however, begin to contribute to air quality concerns with the use of fertilizers and machinery. Summer (June-August) typically offers the best air quality, with warm temperatures, frequent rainfall, and robust wind patterns promoting efficient pollutant removal. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant air and elevated ozone levels. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool, and the agricultural season winds down, releasing residual emissions. The combination of cooler air and reduced wind speeds can lead to localized pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and autumn, limiting outdoor activity on days with poor visibility or stagnant air. During the warmer months, monitoring for ozone alerts is advisable, particularly during periods of intense sunshine. The agricultural cycle significantly impacts air quality, necessitating awareness of potential emissions from farming practices throughout the year.