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Uherský Brod, nestled in the southeastern Moravian region of the Czech Republic within the Zlínský Kraj, occupies a strategic position in the Upper Moravian Vale. The city is built around the confluence of the Kyjovka and Olšava rivers, at an elevation of approximately 228 meters. This relatively low-lying terrain, surrounded by the rolling hills of the White Carpathians (Bílé Karpaty) to the east and the Javořina Hills to the west, influences local air circulation patterns. Historically an important trading hub, Uherský Brod’s urban character blends medieval architecture with more modern development. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of arable land and orchards dominating the plains. While not a heavily industrialized zone, the presence of smaller manufacturing facilities and the regional road network contribute to localized emissions. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp, transitioning quickly from the denser city center to open farmland. This proximity to agricultural activities introduces potential for particulate matter from field work and fertilizer application. The river valleys can act as conduits for pollutant transport, potentially trapping air masses during stable atmospheric conditions, impacting air quality, particularly during winter inversions. The city’s location, sheltered by hills, can also limit natural ventilation.

Uherský Brod experiences a temperate continental climate, significantly impacting its air quality throughout the year. Winter (December-February) typically sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased reliance on solid fuel heating for residential purposes, coupled with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants in the river valleys. Calm, cold conditions exacerbate particulate matter concentrations. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural activities can contribute to dust and ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from prevailing westerly winds and increased atmospheric mixing. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to localized ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to deteriorating conditions as heating systems are reactivated and damp, stable weather patterns become more common. Fog, prevalent in the autumn and winter months, can further concentrate pollutants near the ground. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of fog. Monitoring pollen levels is also advisable during spring and summer. Avoiding peak traffic hours can reduce exposure to vehicle emissions year-round.