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Duvergé, nestled within the Enriquillo province of the Dominican Republic, occupies a geographically significant position within the southwestern region of the island. Located at approximately 18.3188° N, 71.5945° W, the town sits near the shores of Laguna de Rincón, a vast freshwater lagoon and a crucial component of the Enriquillo Basin. This basin, a major depression, dictates much of the local landscape, characterized by relatively flat terrain punctuated by occasional low hills. The surrounding area transitions from wetland ecosystems around the lagoon to drier scrubland and agricultural fields, primarily dedicated to sugarcane and livestock farming. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; Duvergé itself is a small, concentrated settlement, quickly giving way to agricultural zones and sparsely populated rural areas. Elevation is low, generally below 50 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate air quality issues by limiting atmospheric dispersion. The proximity to Laguna de Rincón, while providing a vital water resource, also introduces the potential for humidity and fog, impacting pollutant behaviour. While not directly adjacent to major industrial belts, the agricultural activity surrounding Duvergé contributes to localized air pollution through the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the burning of agricultural waste, particularly during harvest seasons. The prevailing trade winds, though generally beneficial for dispersion, can sometimes become stagnant, trapping pollutants within the basin. The overall geography creates a scenario where localized emissions can accumulate, particularly under stable atmospheric conditions.

Duvergé’s tropical climate dictates a wet and dry season pattern, significantly influencing air quality dynamics. The dry season, typically spanning December to April, often sees a slight improvement in air quality due to reduced rainfall and lower humidity. However, this period can also experience periods of stagnant air, especially during anticyclonic conditions, leading to a build-up of pollutants from agricultural activities and local sources. The burning of sugarcane fields, a common practice during the dry season to prepare for replanting, is a major contributor to particulate matter and smoke. Conversely, the wet season (May to November) brings frequent rainfall, which naturally helps to cleanse the atmosphere by removing particulate matter. However, heavy downpours can also lead to increased levels of mold and fungal spores, impacting respiratory health. The high humidity during the wet season can also trap pollutants closer to the ground. Fog, particularly common during the transition months (April/May and October/November), can significantly reduce visibility and concentrate pollutants. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly when agricultural burning is prevalent. During the wet season, those with allergies or asthma should be mindful of increased mold and spore counts. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the wetter months, but vigilance regarding agricultural practices remains crucial. The interplay of rainfall, humidity, and wind patterns creates a complex and seasonally variable air quality profile for Duvergé.