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Ţūkh is a significant urban center in Egypt's Al Qalyūbīyah Governorate, situated approximately 30 kilometers north of Cairo within the fertile Nile Delta region. The city lies at coordinates 30.3549°N, 31.2011°E, positioned on the eastern bank of the Nile River's Rosetta branch, which creates a distinct urban-rural gradient as agricultural lands transition into dense settlement. With an elevation averaging just 15-20 meters above sea level, Ţūkh occupies flat alluvial plains characterized by rich agricultural zones that surround the urban core, primarily cultivating cotton, grains, and vegetables. This location places Ţūkh within Egypt's Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area, making it part of a sprawling conurbation that experiences significant air quality challenges due to regional pollution transport. The city's proximity to major industrial belts in Shubra El-Kheima and Qalyub contributes to particulate matter accumulation, while its position in the Nile Delta basin creates natural atmospheric stagnation, particularly during seasonal temperature inversions. Water bodies like the Nile and nearby irrigation canals provide some localized humidity but minimal air cleansing effects. Urban expansion has transformed former agricultural peripheries into residential and commercial districts, increasing vehicular emissions and construction dust. The surrounding landscape—flat, low-lying, and densely populated—traps pollutants effectively, with regional winds from the north occasionally bringing industrial emissions from Cairo, while southern winds may carry agricultural burning residues during harvest seasons.

Ţūkh experiences distinct seasonal air quality patterns shaped by its Nile Delta location and Mediterranean-influenced climate. During winter (December-February), cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, creating persistent haze; calm winds and morning fog exacerbate particulate accumulation, making this the peak pollution period where sensitive groups should limit outdoor exertion, especially in early mornings. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as increasing temperatures and more frequent northerly winds disperse pollutants, though occasional dust storms from desert regions can cause sudden particulate spikes—late spring offers the best conditions for outdoor activities. Summer (June-August) features high temperatures that accelerate photochemical reactions, increasing ground-level ozone; however, stronger prevailing north winds provide better ventilation, reducing particulate concentrations despite intense heat and humidity that may worsen respiratory discomfort. Autumn (September-November) sees transitional conditions with decreasing temperatures and variable winds, leading to moderate pollution levels; agricultural burning after harvests in October-November can cause temporary smoke plumes, advising vulnerable populations to monitor local air quality reports. Throughout the year, sensitive groups including children, elderly, and those with respiratory conditions should avoid outdoor exercise during morning and evening rush hours when traffic emissions peak, and utilize air purifiers indoors during high-pollution episodes, particularly in winter.