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Romilly-sur-Seine, nestled in the Grand Est region of France, occupies a strategic position along the Seine River, approximately 190 kilometers southeast of Paris. Its geography is defined by the river's meandering course and the gently undulating terrain of the Aube department. The city sits on a relatively low-lying floodplain, averaging around 110 meters above sea level, which historically influenced settlement patterns and agricultural practices. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by fertile plains used for cereal cultivation and livestock farming, a typical feature of the Champagne-Ardenne region. To the west, the landscape gradually rises, transitioning into the rolling hills of the Burgundy region. The Seine River itself plays a crucial role, not only as a transportation artery but also in moderating local temperatures and influencing humidity levels. While Romilly-sur-Seine isn't directly adjacent to major industrial zones, it lies within a broader agricultural belt and benefits from proximity to larger urban centers like Troyes, which can contribute to regional pollution transport. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with smaller villages and agricultural fields seamlessly blending into the town's periphery. This proximity to agricultural land, while beneficial for the local economy, can also introduce localized air quality challenges related to agricultural practices, such as fertilizer application and livestock emissions. The river's presence creates a localized microclimate, potentially trapping pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, impacting air quality within the city limits.

Romilly-sur-Seine’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its climate and surrounding geography. Spring (March-May) often brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities intensify during this period, potentially leading to spikes in ammonia and particulate matter from fertilizer use and field operations. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher mixing heights effectively diluting pollutants. Heatwaves, though, can trigger temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the evenings. Autumn (September-November) marks a shift, with cooler temperatures and decreasing wind speeds. This often results in a build-up of pollutants, especially during periods of fog, which can linger over the Seine valley. The agricultural harvest season also contributes to particulate matter. Winter (December-February) typically presents the most challenging air quality conditions. Cold, stable air masses and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants, leading to stagnant air and increased concentrations of fine particulate matter. Periods of calm weather and fog are particularly problematic. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during these periods. During the harvest and fertilizer application seasons, even healthy individuals should be mindful of potential irritants. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can offer some protection, especially during periods of poor air quality.