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Meaux, situated in the Ile-de-France region of France, occupies a geographically significant position approximately 40 kilometers east-northeast of Paris. The city is nestled within the fertile plains of Brie, a historically agricultural landscape, and is intimately linked to the Marne River, which flows through and alongside it. The terrain is generally flat, with a slight elevation increase moving eastward, but remains largely characterised by low-lying agricultural fields and gentle slopes. This proximity to both Paris and extensive agricultural areas creates a complex interplay of pollution sources. While Meaux itself is not heavily industrialised, its position downwind of the Parisian metropolitan area means it frequently receives pollutants transported from the capital. The surrounding agricultural lands contribute to ammonia emissions from livestock and fertiliser use, impacting particulate matter formation. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the denser urban fabric of Meaux to the open countryside. The Marne River, while providing aesthetic and recreational benefits, can also act as a conduit for pollutant dispersion, particularly during periods of low flow. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial to interpreting Meaux’s air quality profile.

Meaux experiences a temperate oceanic climate, resulting in distinct seasonal variations in air quality. Winter, from December to February, often sees the poorest air quality due to temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, combined with increased residential heating using wood and fossil fuels. Calm, stable atmospheric conditions exacerbate this, leading to higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, dispersing pollutants. However, agricultural activities intensify, potentially increasing ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with strong winds and convective mixing effectively diluting pollutants. Ozone formation can be a concern during prolonged hot, sunny periods. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual deterioration as heating demand increases and atmospheric stability returns. October and November are often marked by stagnant air and increased particulate matter. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of stagnant air. Monitoring forecasts and avoiding peak pollution times is advisable. Fog, common in autumn and winter, can also trap pollutants, worsening local air quality.