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Périgueux, nestled in the heart of the Dordogne department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, occupies a unique geographical position. The city is built on a series of hills overlooking the Isle and Beune rivers, creating a gently undulating terrain. This topography, while picturesque, influences air quality by promoting localised variations in pollutant dispersion. Périgueux isn’t situated within a major industrial belt; rather, it’s surrounded by a predominantly rural landscape of agricultural fields – particularly vineyards and walnut groves – and extensive forests. This agricultural activity contributes to seasonal particulate matter, especially during harvest and soil preparation. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with significant green spaces within and immediately surrounding the city. However, the valley location can trap air masses, particularly during stable atmospheric conditions. The Isle river, while providing a natural amenity, doesn’t offer significant air scrubbing capacity due to its relatively slow flow. Périgueux’s elevation, averaging around 150 meters, is low enough to experience temperature inversions, a common phenomenon that exacerbates pollution episodes. The city’s position inland means it’s less affected by maritime influences than coastal areas of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, leading to more continental climate patterns and potentially greater temperature extremes.

Périgueux experiences a temperate oceanic climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Winter (December-February) often sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased residential heating using wood and fossil fuels, coupled with frequent temperature inversions trapping pollutants in the valley. Calm, cold days with fog exacerbate this, leading to higher concentrations of particulate matter. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural activities like fertilisation can contribute to ammonia levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from prevailing winds and higher atmospheric mixing. However, heatwaves can trigger ozone formation, particularly downwind of agricultural areas. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. The harvest season generates dust from agricultural operations, and the return to heating systems begins to degrade air quality. October and November are often marked by damp, stagnant conditions, increasing the risk of mould spore concentrations. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of stagnant weather. Monitoring pollen levels is crucial in spring and summer.