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Graulhet, nestled in the Occitanie region of southwestern France, occupies a gently undulating landscape within the Tarn department. Situated at coordinates 43.7617° N, 1.9892° E, the city benefits from a moderate elevation, contributing to good natural ventilation, though localised terrain features can create microclimates. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural, characterised by vineyards and cereal crops, typical of the Midi-Pyrénées. The Dadou river flows nearby, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to temperature inversions during calmer periods. While Graulhet isn’t a major industrial hub, its proximity to Toulouse, a significant economic centre, means it experiences some degree of regional industrial influence. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city centre gives way quickly to open farmland. This proximity to agricultural land introduces potential sources of particulate matter from farming activities, including soil disturbance and the use of fertilizers. The prevailing winds, generally from the southwest, can transport pollutants from Toulouse towards Graulhet, impacting air quality. The city’s layout, with a mix of older, denser buildings and more modern developments, also affects air circulation patterns, creating pockets of stagnant air where pollutants can accumulate. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Graulhet.

Graulhet’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, often sees the poorest air quality. Reduced sunlight hours and increased use of wood-burning stoves for heating contribute to higher particulate matter concentrations, exacerbated by temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. Calm, stable atmospheric conditions are common during these months. Spring (March-May) brings improvement as temperatures rise and rainfall increases, washing pollutants from the atmosphere. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application, can temporarily elevate ammonia and particulate levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with strong winds dispersing pollutants and high temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, prolonged heatwaves can lead to increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual decline in air quality as heating demand increases and agricultural practices continue. October and November are often marked by foggy conditions, trapping pollutants and reducing visibility. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of fog. Monitoring pollen levels is also important during spring and summer. Avoiding peak traffic hours can further reduce exposure to vehicle emissions.