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Abasān al Kabīrah, nestled within the Gaza Strip, occupies a geographically constrained and intensely urbanized area along the Mediterranean coast. Its coordinates (31.3191, 34.3401) place it within a low-lying coastal plain, characterized by flat terrain and sandy soils. The city’s urban fabric is densely packed, reflecting the high population density of the Gaza Strip as a whole. The surrounding landscape is a complex mix of agricultural land, primarily focused on cultivating fruits, vegetables, and olives, and increasingly, informal settlements. To the west lies the Mediterranean Sea, a significant factor influencing local weather patterns and, potentially, the dispersion of pollutants. The Gaza Strip’s position between Egypt and Israel creates a unique regional dynamic, impacting economic activity and, consequently, industrial emissions. There's a limited urban–rural gradient; the transition is abrupt, with agricultural fields often bordering residential areas. The lack of significant elevation—the area is generally below 30 meters above sea level—hinders vertical mixing of air, potentially trapping pollutants close to the ground. Industrial activity, though limited in scale compared to larger global cities, is concentrated in specific zones and includes small-scale manufacturing and processing facilities. The proximity to agricultural zones means that dust from farming practices and the burning of crop residues can contribute to localized air quality issues. The overall geographic setting presents challenges for air quality management due to the limited space for dispersion and the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors.

The air quality in Abasān al Kabīrah exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s Mediterranean climate. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by persistent high-pressure systems. This leads to stagnant air conditions and temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the surface and exacerbating any existing emissions from local sources like vehicles and small industries. Dust storms, originating from the Negev Desert to the east, are also more frequent during these months, significantly degrading air quality. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) offer slightly improved conditions, with more frequent wind patterns that help disperse pollutants. However, agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and residue disposal, can still contribute to elevated particulate matter levels during these transitional periods. Winters (December-February) are generally cooler and wetter, with occasional rainfall that can help wash pollutants from the atmosphere. Fog, particularly in December and January, can also trap pollutants, creating localized episodes of poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months and be mindful of potential agricultural burning in spring and autumn. Limiting outdoor exertion during periods of high dust or fog is advisable. Maintaining awareness of local conditions and adhering to public health advisories is crucial for minimizing exposure to potential air quality hazards throughout the year.