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Telavi, nestled in the heart of Georgia’s K’akheti region, occupies a strategically important, yet geographically complex, position within the Alazani Valley. Situated at coordinates 41.9169, 45.4764 and with a population of 19,509, the city is surrounded by the foothills of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, creating a basin-like topography. This valley floor, at an elevation of approximately 510 meters (1,673 feet), significantly influences local air quality. The Alazani River flows nearby, providing irrigation for the extensive vineyards and agricultural lands that dominate the surrounding landscape. Telavi isn’t a heavily industrialised city; its economy is primarily agricultural, focused on winemaking and fruit production. However, this agricultural activity contributes to seasonal particulate matter from field preparation and harvest. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city centre transitioning quickly to vineyards and orchards. The valley’s topography can trap air masses, particularly during stable atmospheric conditions, exacerbating pollution episodes. The surrounding mountains limit air circulation, meaning pollutants emitted within the valley have limited dispersal. This geographical setting makes Telavi particularly vulnerable to localised air quality issues, especially during periods of low wind speed and temperature inversions.

Telavi’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, heavily influenced by agricultural practices and meteorological conditions. Spring (March-May) sees a rise in particulate matter as vineyards are prepared for planting and pruning generates biomass burning. Winds are often variable, offering limited dispersal. Summer (June-August) generally experiences better air quality due to higher temperatures and increased wind speeds, though ozone formation can be a concern with intense sunlight. However, dry conditions can lead to dust from agricultural fields. Autumn (September-November) is the most challenging period. The grape harvest involves significant activity, including the burning of vine cuttings, releasing substantial smoke and particulate matter. Temperature inversions become more frequent, trapping pollutants in the valley. November often sees the poorest air quality. Winter (December-February) brings relatively cleaner air, as agricultural activity slows. However, residential heating using wood and coal becomes prevalent, contributing to increased levels of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during autumn and winter. Spring can also pose risks due to pollen and agricultural smoke. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June-August, but monitoring conditions is still advised.