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Kete Krachi, nestled within the Oti Region of Ghana, occupies a significant position along the Volta Lake, at coordinates 7.7939°N, -0.0498°W. The town’s geography is defined by its lakeside location and the undulating terrain characteristic of the region. Situated approximately 250 meters above sea level, Kete Krachi benefits from a relatively moderate climate, though humidity is consistently high due to the lake’s influence. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of forested hills, agricultural lands – primarily subsistence farming of crops like maize, cassava, and plantain – and the expansive waters of the Volta Lake. This proximity to the lake, while providing vital resources, also influences local air quality through increased moisture and potential for stagnant air masses. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; Kete Krachi serves as a market and transport hub for surrounding rural communities, leading to increased vehicular traffic. While not a major industrial centre, the presence of small-scale processing facilities for agricultural produce and fishing activities contributes to localised emissions. Dust from unpaved roads and seasonal bush fires further impact air quality, particularly during the dry season. The town’s location within a river basin can also trap pollutants, exacerbating air quality issues.

Kete Krachi experiences a distinct wet and dry season pattern, heavily influencing air quality. The dry season, typically from November to March, sees a significant increase in particulate matter. Harmattan winds, carrying dust from the Sahara Desert, contribute to this, reducing visibility and irritating respiratory systems. Bush fires, often used for land preparation for farming, are also prevalent during this period, releasing substantial smoke and pollutants. February and March are generally the months with the poorest air quality. The onset of the wet season in April brings a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away dust and suppresses fires. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting indoor air quality. The peak of the wet season, from June to September, generally offers the cleanest air, though localised flooding can stir up sediment and organic matter. October marks a transition period, with decreasing rainfall and a gradual return to drier conditions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly February and March. Wearing masks can provide some protection. Maintaining good ventilation indoors during the wet season is also crucial to prevent mould-related issues.