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Ellinikó, nestled within the Attikí region of Greece, occupies a strategically significant position just southwest of Athens, the nation's capital. Its coordinates (37.8667, 23.7333) place it on a relatively flat plain, part of the wider Attica basin, characterized by gently undulating terrain. The city’s urban fabric is a blend of residential areas and pockets of commercial activity, reflecting its role as a suburban extension of Athens. The surrounding landscape is a transition zone between urban sprawl and the foothills of Mount Hymettus, a prominent landmark to the east. This proximity to the mountain range influences local wind patterns, sometimes trapping pollutants, while also providing a degree of natural ventilation. The Saronic Gulf lies approximately 15 kilometers to the south, offering a potential pathway for sea breezes that can disperse pollutants, though this effect is often moderated by the urban heat island effect of Athens. Agricultural zones, primarily olive groves and vineyards, are present in the immediate periphery, contributing to occasional particulate matter from agricultural practices, particularly during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with Ellinikó quickly transitioning from residential streets to more rural landscapes. The city’s location within the greater Athens metropolitan area means it is inevitably influenced by the broader regional pollution patterns, particularly those originating from industrial activity and vehicular traffic concentrated in the capital. Elevation is relatively low, averaging around 50 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate the accumulation of pollutants near the ground.

Ellinikó’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by prolonged periods of high pressure and minimal rainfall. This often leads to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing the vertical dispersion of pollutants. The lack of wind during these months further exacerbates the problem, resulting in stagnant air and a build-up of emissions from Athens and surrounding areas. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) generally offer improved air quality due to increased wind speeds and occasional rainfall, which helps to cleanse the atmosphere. However, autumn can also see a rise in particulate matter from agricultural burning in nearby rural areas. Winters (December-February) are comparatively mild and wetter, with more frequent rainfall events that naturally scrub the air. Fog, particularly in December and January, can also trap pollutants close to the ground, creating localized periods of reduced visibility and potentially impacting air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months, limiting outdoor activity during peak heat and pollution periods. Even during generally favourable seasons, monitoring local air quality reports and avoiding areas with heavy traffic congestion is advisable. The urban heat island effect, amplified by Athens’s proximity, contributes to warmer temperatures and reduced air circulation throughout the year, impacting overall air quality.