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Korydallós, nestled within the Attikí (Attica) region of Greece, presents a complex urban geography significantly influencing its air quality. Located approximately 8km southwest of Athens’ city centre, at coordinates 37.9833°N, 23.6500°E, the municipality occupies a relatively low-lying coastal plain, rising gently inland. This proximity to the Saronic Gulf offers some degree of ventilation, but also traps pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The surrounding landscape is heavily urbanised, forming part of the continuous Athens metropolitan area. Historically, Korydallós was a more rural area, but post-war industrial development, particularly along the coastal strip, has introduced concentrated sources of emissions. The urban-rural gradient is steep, transitioning rapidly to more agricultural land further inland, though even these areas experience runoff and atmospheric deposition from the city. The terrain, while not mountainous, features subtle undulations that can channel and concentrate air pollution. Korydallós’ position within the Attica basin, a natural bowl, exacerbates the potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The dense population of 61,248 further contributes to localised emissions from traffic and domestic heating, creating a challenging air quality environment.

Korydallós experiences a Mediterranean climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Summer (June-August) often sees relatively cleaner air, driven by the *meltemi* winds blowing from the northeast, dispersing pollutants over the Aegean Sea. However, high temperatures and intense sunlight promote ground-level ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition, with decreasing winds and increasing temperature inversions, leading to pollutant build-up, particularly particulate matter from domestic heating. This is often the period with the poorest air quality. Winter (December-February) is characterised by infrequent rainfall, calm conditions, and widespread use of wood and oil for heating, resulting in elevated levels of PM2.5 and PM10. Sensitive individuals, including those with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during these months. Spring (March-May) brings improving conditions as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, though agricultural burning in surrounding areas can temporarily degrade air quality. March and April can be particularly variable. Overall, avoiding prolonged outdoor activity during calm, cold autumn and winter days is advisable, while summer offers the most favourable conditions, though ozone levels should be monitored.