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Néa Alikarnassós, nestled on the fertile northeastern coast of Kríti, Greece, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Mediterranean landscape. Situated at approximately 35.3167° N, 25.1833° E, the town benefits from a coastal location along the Mirabello Bay, a deep, sheltered inlet of the Aegean Sea. The terrain is gently sloping, transitioning from the sandy beaches and coastal plains to low hills inland, rising gradually towards the Dikti Mountains to the south. This proximity to the sea moderates temperatures and introduces a maritime influence on local weather patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by olive groves, vineyards, and citrus orchards, typical of the Cretan countryside. While Néa Alikarnassós itself is a relatively small urban centre, it lies within a region experiencing increasing tourism, particularly during the summer months. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth; the town seamlessly blends into the agricultural hinterland, with scattered rural settlements and farmland visible within a short distance. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Néa Alikarnassós, although light industrial activity and workshops are present within the town. The prevailing winds, typically from the north and northwest, play a crucial role in dispersing potential pollutants, although local topography can sometimes create sheltered pockets where air stagnation occurs. The elevation, averaging around 20-30 meters above sea level, contributes to the potential for coastal fog formation, which can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The bay's configuration can also influence local wind patterns, sometimes leading to reduced ventilation.

The air quality in Néa Alikarnassós follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the Mediterranean climate. Summers (June-August) are characterized by hot, dry conditions and relatively stable atmospheric conditions. High temperatures and reduced rainfall contribute to a build-up of photochemical smog, particularly during periods of prolonged sunshine. The lack of significant rainfall and infrequent wind events can exacerbate this issue. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) generally offer improved air quality, with more frequent rainfall and moderate winds helping to disperse pollutants. However, temperature inversions, particularly in October and November, can occasionally trap pollutants near the ground, leading to localized episodes of poorer air quality. Winter (December-February) is typically the cleanest period, with cooler temperatures, more frequent rainfall, and stronger winds. However, fog, common during these months, can reduce visibility and temporarily trap pollutants. The agricultural practices prevalent in the surrounding areas, including the use of fertilizers and occasional burning of agricultural waste (though increasingly regulated), can contribute to localized air pollution episodes, particularly during the transition seasons. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be mindful of air quality during the summer months and be prepared to limit outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air or fog. During the warmer months, early morning and late evening are generally preferable times for outdoor exercise. Increased tourist activity during the summer can also contribute to increased vehicle emissions and associated air pollution.