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Mór, nestled in the Fejér county of Hungary, occupies a geographically significant position within the Pannonian Basin, a vast sedimentary plain characterized by fertile landscapes and a history of human settlement. Located at approximately 47.37°N, 18.21°E, the city sits at an elevation of around 128 meters (420 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, corn, and sunflowers stretching towards the horizon. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, can contribute to particulate matter pollution, particularly during harvest seasons. To the south, the landscape gradually rises towards the Bakony Hills, a range of low mountains that can influence local wind patterns and, consequently, air quality. The Sárvíz River, a tributary of the Velencei-tó (Lake Velence), flows nearby, offering a degree of humidity and potentially moderating temperatures, though its impact on air quality is generally limited. Mór’s urban character is that of a market town, historically serving the surrounding agricultural communities. While industrial activity is present, it’s not on a large scale, consisting primarily of food processing and agricultural supply businesses. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth, with residential areas blending seamlessly into the agricultural fields. The city’s location within the Pannonian Basin, coupled with its proximity to agricultural zones and the undulating terrain, creates a complex interplay of factors that influence local air quality, making it susceptible to both regional and localized pollution sources.

Mór’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) typically sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application and early field work, can introduce ammonia and particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting dispersion. Heatwaves, though, can lead to stagnant air and increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. Harvest season significantly elevates particulate matter levels due to crop residue burning and increased vehicle traffic on rural roads. Temperature inversions, common during clear, calm autumn nights, trap pollutants near the ground, leading to periods of poor air quality. Winter (December-February) is often the most challenging season. Cold temperatures and frequent fog contribute to stagnant air and the accumulation of pollutants, particularly from residential heating (often using wood or coal). The lack of strong winds exacerbates the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of fog and temperature inversions, especially in the mornings. Agricultural workers should be mindful of dust exposure during harvest and utilize appropriate protective equipment. Public awareness campaigns promoting cleaner heating methods and responsible agricultural practices are crucial for mitigating winter air pollution.