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Diglipur, nestled in the North Andaman Island, presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. Situated at coordinates 13.2667°N, 93.0000°E, this town is characterized by a relatively flat terrain compared to the more rugged southern islands, though gently undulating hills are present. The surrounding landscape is dominated by dense tropical rainforest, interspersed with agricultural land primarily focused on rice and coconut cultivation. Diglipur’s proximity to the Andaman Sea – approximately a few kilometers – introduces significant moisture and salt spray into the atmosphere, impacting particulate matter composition. Unlike mainland Indian cities, Diglipur lacks large-scale industrial belts; however, localized brick kilns and construction activities contribute to dust pollution. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with dense settlement concentrated around the town center and rapidly transitioning to forested areas. This limits widespread dispersion of pollutants. The town’s elevation is low, generally under 50 meters, meaning limited vertical mixing of air. The island’s position within the Bay of Bengal exposes it to seasonal monsoon winds and occasional cyclonic activity, which can both cleanse and disrupt air quality. The overall effect is a localized pollution profile heavily influenced by natural factors and small-scale human activity.

Diglipur experiences a tropical monsoon climate, dictating a distinct wet and dry season that profoundly impacts air quality. The dry season, roughly November to April, sees lower rainfall and calmer winds, allowing pollutants from localized sources like construction and agricultural burning to accumulate. January and February are typically the clearest months, favoured for outdoor activities. However, dust from unpaved roads becomes noticeable. The pre-monsoon period (April-May) brings increasing humidity and occasional convective thunderstorms, offering temporary relief but also stirring up dust. The southwest monsoon arrives in May/June, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds that effectively wash away pollutants, resulting in the cleanest air of the year. This period, lasting until September, is ideal for those with respiratory sensitivities. October marks the transition, with decreasing rainfall and a gradual build-up of pollutants. November sees a return to drier conditions. Temperature inversions are rare but can occur during calmer periods, trapping pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the drier months and monitor their health.