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Kodigenahalli, nestled in the Tumkur district of Andhra Pradesh, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Deccan Plateau. Located at approximately 13.86° N latitude and 77.47° E longitude, the village sits at an elevation of roughly 850 meters (2,789 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively cool climate compared to lower-lying regions of Andhra Pradesh. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating terrain, a mix of agricultural fields and rocky outcrops typical of the plateau. Predominantly an agricultural area, Kodigenahalli’s economy revolves around crops like ragi, maize, and groundnuts, with smaller pockets of horticulture. The village exhibits a clear urban–rural gradient, transitioning from a concentrated settlement to dispersed agricultural activity. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, the region benefits from groundwater resources, supporting irrigation and domestic needs. Its proximity to the industrial belt around Tumkur, though not immediately bordering it, means that pollutants generated from manufacturing and processing units can be transported via prevailing winds. The plateau’s topography can also lead to localized air stagnation, particularly during periods of calm weather. The relatively sparse vegetation cover, common across the Deccan Plateau, limits the natural capacity for air pollutant absorption, further influencing local air quality. The village’s location, therefore, presents a complex interplay of agricultural practices, regional industrial influence, and the inherent characteristics of the Deccan Plateau’s geography.

Kodigenahalli’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon patterns. The dry season, spanning roughly from March to May, often witnesses a gradual increase in particulate matter concentrations. This is primarily due to increased agricultural burning of crop residue after harvest, combined with stagnant air conditions and higher temperatures that promote the formation of photochemical smog. Dust storms, common during this period, further exacerbate the problem. The monsoon season, typically from June to September, brings significant relief as rainfall washes away pollutants and strong winds disperse accumulated particles. However, periods of intense rainfall can also lead to localized flooding, potentially releasing pollutants from stagnant water sources. The post-monsoon season (October-November) can see a resurgence of pollutants as agricultural activities resume and the winds become calmer. December and January represent the cooler months, often characterized by fog, which traps pollutants near the ground, creating localized pockets of poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and periods of fog. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the monsoon months, although heavy rainfall can still pose challenges. Agricultural workers should be particularly mindful of exposure to smoke during the post-harvest period, utilizing appropriate protective measures where possible. The interplay of wind patterns, temperature inversions, and agricultural practices significantly shapes the air quality narrative throughout the year in Kodigenahalli.