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Pedana, nestled in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Deccan Plateau. Located at approximately 16.2667° N latitude and 81.1667° E longitude, the town sits at an elevation of roughly 280 meters (919 feet) above sea level. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating terrain, transitioning from rocky outcrops to fertile agricultural plains. Pedana’s proximity to the Bay of Bengal, though not directly coastal, influences regional weather patterns and, indirectly, air quality. The town is situated within a predominantly rural area, exhibiting a gradual urban–rural gradient as one moves outwards. To the north and west lie extensive agricultural zones, primarily dedicated to rice cultivation and pulses, which can contribute to particulate matter through agricultural burning practices, particularly during harvest seasons. Southeastward, the landscape gradually rises, featuring scrubland and sparsely forested areas. The town’s urban character is relatively modest, with a mix of traditional dwellings and newer constructions. Pedana is known for its marble industry, a significant economic driver, and the associated processing activities contribute to localized air pollution. The plateau’s topography, combined with the prevailing wind patterns, can lead to stagnant air conditions, especially during periods of low wind speed, exacerbating the impact of local emissions. The regional climate, a semi-arid tropical type, further influences the dispersion of pollutants, with hotter, drier periods often correlating with poorer air quality.

Pedana’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon patterns. The pre-monsoon season (March to May) typically witnesses the poorest air quality. High temperatures and low relative humidity create stable atmospheric conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions where cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air. This inversion prevents the vertical dispersion of pollutants, resulting in their concentration near ground level. Agricultural burning, prevalent during this period as farmers clear fields for the next planting season, significantly contributes to particulate matter pollution. The monsoon season (June to September) brings relief, with increased rainfall and stronger winds that effectively flush out pollutants. Humidity levels rise, and the frequency of temperature inversions decreases. The post-monsoon season (October to November) can see a resurgence of moderate pollution as agricultural activities resume, though generally less severe than the pre-monsoon peak. Winter months (December to February) are generally the most favourable for outdoor activities, with cooler temperatures and more frequent wind dispersal. However, fog, common during these months, can trap pollutants close to the ground, creating localized pockets of poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the pre-monsoon season and be mindful of fog conditions during winter. Minimizing outdoor exertion during peak pollution periods and utilizing air purifiers indoors are recommended preventative measures.