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Tādigadapa, nestled in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Eastern Ghats region. Located at approximately 16.47°N, 80.69°E, the city’s terrain is characterized by undulating hills and valleys, a typical feature of the Eastern Ghats. The elevation, though modest, contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. Tādigadapa sits within a predominantly rural landscape, transitioning gradually from agricultural fields to denser vegetation as one moves towards the surrounding hills. The nearby Gosthani River, a vital water source for the region, flows in proximity, impacting local humidity and potentially influencing the dispersion of pollutants. While not directly adjacent to a major industrial belt, the surrounding area supports agricultural activities, including rice cultivation and horticulture, which can contribute to particulate matter through biomass burning, particularly during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gentle, with smaller villages and agricultural holdings interspersed within the broader landscape. This proximity to agricultural land means that seasonal agricultural practices significantly impact the local air quality. The city’s location within a rain shadow area of the Eastern Ghats also influences precipitation patterns, which in turn affects the natural cleansing of the atmosphere. The surrounding landscape, a mix of dry deciduous forests and cultivated land, plays a crucial role in the city's overall environmental health, acting as both a potential source and a natural filter for air pollutants.

Tādigadapa’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon patterns. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, often witnesses a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to increased biomass burning associated with agricultural residue disposal and the prevalence of temperature inversions, which trap pollutants close to the ground. The lack of significant rainfall during these months further exacerbates the situation, limiting natural air cleansing. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief as increased rainfall washes away pollutants and stronger winds disperse them. However, the onset of the monsoon can initially be accompanied by elevated humidity and fog, which can temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants. October and November represent a transitional period, with decreasing rainfall and gradually increasing temperatures. This period can see a resurgence of particulate matter as agricultural activities intensify. December and February are generally characterized by cooler temperatures and relatively cleaner air, although occasional fog events can still impact air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and be mindful of potential fog events throughout the year. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the monsoon months and the cooler winter period, but vigilance is always advised, particularly near agricultural areas during harvest times. Understanding these seasonal patterns is crucial for mitigating the impact of air pollution on public health.