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Dehti, Bihar, situated at approximately 26.21°N, 87.55°E, occupies a geographically significant position within the fertile Gangetic plains of eastern India. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, with an elevation of roughly 65 meters above sea level. This low-lying topography, while conducive to agriculture, presents challenges regarding air quality dispersion. Dehti lies within a region heavily reliant on agriculture, particularly rice and maize cultivation, and is surrounded by expansive rural landscapes. To the west, the landscape gradually transitions towards slightly undulating terrain, while eastward, the Gangetic plain continues uninterrupted. The proximity to the Ganges River, though providing a vital water source, can also contribute to humidity and fog formation, impacting pollutant dispersal. The region's climate is subtropical, with hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters. Industrial activity in the broader Bihar region, concentrated in areas further west and south, contributes to regional pollution that can be transported to Dehti. The urban–rural gradient around Dehti is relatively sharp; the city itself is small, but its influence extends into the surrounding agricultural areas, with increasing vehicular traffic and localized burning of agricultural residue impacting air quality. The flat terrain and prevailing wind patterns often lead to pollutants accumulating, particularly during periods of low wind speed and temperature inversions. The lack of significant natural barriers further exacerbates this issue, limiting the natural cleansing of the atmosphere.

Dehti’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its subtropical monsoon climate. The pre-monsoon months (March-May) typically experience the poorest air quality. Rising temperatures lead to increased stagnant air conditions, and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground. Agricultural burning, a common practice to clear fields for the planting season, significantly contributes to particulate matter pollution during this period. The monsoon season (June-September) brings relief as increased rainfall and stronger winds effectively flush out pollutants, leading to a noticeable improvement in air quality. However, humidity levels remain high. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees a return to poorer conditions, with cooler temperatures and calmer winds again promoting pollutant accumulation. Fog, a frequent occurrence during these months, further restricts visibility and traps pollutants. Winter (December-February) is generally characterized by cold, dry air and persistent fog, which severely limits air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, minimizing outdoor exertion and wearing appropriate masks. During the foggy winter months, limiting outdoor activities is strongly advised. The agricultural cycle and associated burning practices are the dominant drivers of seasonal air quality fluctuations, alongside meteorological factors like wind speed and temperature inversions. Maintaining awareness of prevailing weather conditions and adjusting outdoor activities accordingly is crucial for protecting respiratory health.