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Hasanpur, Bihar, situated at approximately 26.1147° N, 87.2319° E, occupies a geographically significant position within the fertile Gangetic plains of eastern India. The town’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain, resulting in minimal elevation changes. This flatness, while conducive to agriculture, also contributes to air quality challenges as it limits natural dispersion of pollutants. Hasanpur lies within a region heavily reliant on agriculture, with surrounding landscapes dominated by rice paddies and other cultivated fields. The proximity to the Ganges River, though providing a vital water source, can also influence local weather patterns and, occasionally, contribute to humidity which can trap pollutants. The urban–rural gradient around Hasanpur is gradual; the town itself represents a small urban centre transitioning into the broader agricultural hinterland. While not directly adjacent to major industrial belts, Hasanpur’s location within Bihar places it within reach of industrial activity concentrated in areas like Munger and Begusarai, potentially impacting air quality through transported pollutants. The region's climate, characterized by hot summers and a distinct monsoon season, further complicates atmospheric conditions. The flat topography and agricultural practices, combined with regional industrial influences, create a setting where air quality is particularly susceptible to seasonal variations and localized pollution sources, including vehicular emissions and agricultural burning.

Hasanpur’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s monsoon climate. The pre-monsoon months (March-May) typically experience the poorest air quality. Rising temperatures lead to increased stagnant air conditions, and the prevalence of dry winds exacerbate particulate matter accumulation. Agricultural burning, a common practice to clear fields for the planting season, significantly contributes to elevated levels of smoke and pollutants during this period. The monsoon season (June-September) brings a welcome respite, with frequent rainfall washing away pollutants and strong winds dispersing them. Humidity increases, which can trap some pollutants, but the overall cleansing effect of the monsoon generally improves air quality. The post-monsoon months (October-November) see a gradual return to poorer conditions as rainfall decreases and temperatures begin to drop, often leading to fog formation. This fog traps pollutants near the ground, creating localized pockets of poor air quality. Winter months (December-February) are generally cooler, but persistent fog and temperature inversions can trap pollutants, particularly in the early morning hours. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, limiting outdoor activity during peak pollution times. During the foggy winter mornings, wearing masks and avoiding strenuous outdoor exertion is advisable. The monsoon season offers the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities, though humidity may still be a factor for some.