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Khajuri, a small town in the Patna district of Bihar, India, sits at coordinates 25.9144°N, 86.6772°E. The landscape is characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic Plain – a flat, fertile alluvial plain formed by the Ganges and its tributaries. Khajuri’s elevation is relatively low, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The town is situated approximately 25km east of Patna, the state capital, and benefits from proximity to the Ganges River, though this also introduces humidity and potential for localised fog formation. Surrounding Khajuri are intensely cultivated agricultural lands, primarily rice and wheat fields, with increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides. While not a major industrial hub itself, Khajuri is within reach of industrial areas around Patna and the broader Bihar industrial corridor, contributing to regional pollution transport. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; Khajuri represents a transition zone, experiencing increasing population density and associated emissions as it becomes more connected to Patna. This combination of agricultural practices, proximity to industry, and flat terrain creates a challenging environment for maintaining good air quality. Dust from agricultural activities and unpaved roads is a significant factor, exacerbated by seasonal wind patterns. The lack of significant topographical features hinders natural ventilation, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Khajuri experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern dictated by the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The summer months (April-June) bring high temperatures and dry winds, leading to increased dust suspension from agricultural lands and construction, worsening particulate matter pollution. Avoiding prolonged outdoor exertion during peak heat is advisable, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The arrival of the monsoon (July-September) offers temporary relief, as rainfall washes away pollutants and increases humidity, suppressing dust. However, increased cloud cover can also lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants at lower altitudes. Post-monsoon (October-November) is often the worst period, with stagnant air, cooler temperatures, and the burning of crop residue after the harvest contributing to severe smog. This is a critical period for vulnerable populations. Winter (December-February) sees cooler temperatures and often dense fog, exacerbating particulate matter concentrations. The fog limits sunlight and hinders pollutant dispersion. Individuals with asthma or heart conditions should limit outdoor activity during foggy periods. Overall, the monsoon offers the best air quality, while October-November presents the greatest health risks.