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Mohan Eghu, a small town in the Patna division of Bihar, India, sits at coordinates 25.4002°N, 86.1450°E. The landscape is characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic Plain – a flat, fertile alluvial plain formed by the Ganges and its tributaries. The town’s elevation is relatively low, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Mohan Eghu is situated within a predominantly agricultural zone, with rice paddies and wheat fields dominating the surrounding areas. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces particulate matter from crop residue burning and fertilizer use. The proximity to the Ganges River, while providing a water source, also creates conditions conducive to fog formation during cooler months, trapping pollutants near the ground. The urban-rural gradient is sharp; Mohan Eghu is a relatively small settlement surrounded by villages, meaning localised emissions from household cooking (biomass burning) and small-scale industries have a disproportionate impact. The region experiences limited industrial development compared to other parts of Bihar, but brick kilns and stone crushing units in nearby areas contribute to dust and particulate pollution. The flat terrain hinders natural ventilation, exacerbating air quality issues, particularly during periods of calm weather. Understanding this geographic context is crucial for addressing Mohan Eghu’s air quality challenges.

Mohan Eghu’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon period (October-November) typically sees the worst conditions. The receding monsoon leaves behind stagnant air, coupled with increased biomass burning from agricultural practices after the harvest. Temperature inversions are common during these cooler months, trapping pollutants close to the ground. December and January bring cooler temperatures and often dense fog, further exacerbating particulate matter concentrations. Outdoor activity should be limited during these months, especially for individuals with respiratory conditions. The pre-monsoon season (April-May) sees rising temperatures and dust storms, increasing particulate matter. The monsoon season (June-September) generally offers the cleanest air, as rainfall washes away pollutants and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, increased cloud cover can also lead to reduced sunlight, potentially impacting the breakdown of some pollutants. March is a transitional month, with improving but still moderate air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular diseases – should take extra precautions during the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons, including limiting outdoor exposure and using respiratory protection when necessary.