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Neuri, a small town in Bihar, India, sits at coordinates 26.0076°N, 86.1841°E, within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This vast, fertile expanse is characterized by relatively flat terrain, a legacy of alluvial deposits from the Ganges and its tributaries. Neuri’s elevation is low, contributing to the potential for stagnant air masses. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with rice paddies and wheat fields dominating the rural areas immediately bordering the town. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, introduces particulate matter from crop residue burning and fertilizer use. The town’s proximity to larger urban centres like Patna (approximately 100km to the east) means it’s increasingly influenced by regional pollution transport. The urban-rural gradient is sharp; Neuri retains a distinctly rural character, but is experiencing gradual urbanization. The lack of significant natural barriers – hills or forests – allows pollutants to accumulate, and the flat topography hinders dispersion. Local brick kilns, common throughout Bihar, are a significant point source of pollution. The seasonal flooding common in the region can also mobilize pollutants and impact air quality through increased humidity and mould spore dispersal.

Neuri’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon period (October-November) is often the most polluted. The receding monsoon leaves behind stagnant air, coupled with increased burning of agricultural waste to prepare fields for the Rabi crop. Temperature inversions are common during these cooler months, trapping pollutants near the ground. December and January bring cooler temperatures and often dense fog, exacerbating particulate matter concentrations. These are months to avoid strenuous outdoor activity, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The pre-monsoon months (April-May) see rising temperatures and dust storms, increasing coarse particulate matter. The monsoon season (June-September) generally offers the cleanest air, as rainfall washes away pollutants and wind speeds increase. However, increased humidity can promote mould growth. March is a transitional month, with improving but still variable conditions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular illnesses – should limit outdoor exposure during peak pollution periods and consider using N95 masks. Monitoring local weather patterns and avoiding peak traffic hours can also help mitigate exposure.