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Dhamtari, nestled in the fertile plains of Chhattisgarh in central India, occupies a strategic position approximately 80 kilometres southeast of the state capital Raipur. Situated at an elevation of around 320 metres above sea level, the city lies within the Mahanadi River basin, with the Kharun River flowing nearby, though its modest water bodies offer limited natural air cleansing effects. The terrain is predominantly flat to gently undulating, characteristic of the Chhattisgarh Plain, which facilitates agricultural expansion but also traps pollutants due to reduced wind dispersion. Dhamtari's urban character blends administrative functions with a strong agrarian economy, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient where peri-urban areas merge seamlessly with rice paddies and farmland. This proximity to intensive agricultural zones, particularly rice cultivation areas, directly influences air quality through residue burning emissions. The city's location along National Highway 30 exposes it to significant vehicular exhaust, while its position within Chhattisgarh's emerging industrial corridor—though less industrialized than Raipur—subjects it to regional pollution transport. The surrounding landscape, dominated by agricultural fields with scattered forest patches, provides minimal natural barriers to pollution, allowing particulate matter from various sources to accumulate over the city. Dhamtari's geography as a transitional zone between more urbanized western Chhattisgarh and the tribal-dominated eastern regions creates unique air quality challenges, where traditional biomass burning practices intersect with modern pollution sources.

Dhamtari's air quality follows a pronounced seasonal rhythm shaped by its tropical wet-and-dry climate. During the winter months from November to February, pollution peaks dramatically as cooler temperatures create frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants close to the ground. These months coincide with post-harvest agricultural residue burning in surrounding rice fields, combining with vehicle exhaust, construction dust, and domestic biomass burning for heating to create hazardous conditions. Sensitive groups should avoid prolonged outdoor exposure during this period, particularly in early mornings when fog and low wind speeds exacerbate pollution accumulation. The pre-monsoon season from March to May brings extreme heat that increases photochemical reactions and dust resuspension, though occasional thunderstorms provide temporary cleansing. The monsoon from June to September offers the cleanest air as heavy rainfall scrubs pollutants from the atmosphere and winds disperse local emissions—this is the optimal time for outdoor activities. However, flooding can temporarily stir up sediment and debris. The post-monsoon period from October sees a rapid deterioration as burning activities resume and meteorological conditions become stagnant. Residents with respiratory conditions should monitor air quality particularly during the peak pollution months and use air purifiers indoors when necessary, while planning outdoor exercise for monsoon months when air quality is most favourable.