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Saktī, Chhattisgarh, nestled within the mineral-rich Bastar region of India, occupies a geographically significant position influencing its air quality. Located at approximately 22.03°N, 82.97°E, the city sits on the edge of the Chhattisgarh plains, transitioning into the undulating hills of the Eastern Ghats. The terrain is generally rolling, with elevations ranging from 300 to 500 meters above sea level. This moderate elevation, combined with the surrounding landscape, can contribute to localized temperature inversions, particularly during cooler months, trapping pollutants closer to the ground. Saktī’s proximity to the Hasdeo River, though providing a vital water source, also influences humidity levels, which can affect the dispersion of particulate matter. The region is characterized by a gradual urban–rural gradient; Saktī itself is a relatively small urban center, but it’s surrounded by agricultural lands and, crucially, extensive coal mining operations and associated industries. These mining activities, a cornerstone of the local economy, are a primary source of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The surrounding landscape is dominated by dense forests and deciduous woodlands, which, while offering some natural air filtration, can also contribute to seasonal biomass burning during agricultural practices. The prevailing wind patterns, often influenced by the monsoon, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants, making Saktī’s air quality highly susceptible to regional meteorological conditions and industrial activity.

Saktī’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s tropical climate and agricultural practices. The dry season, typically spanning from November to May, presents the most significant air quality challenges. During these months, lower humidity and reduced rainfall lead to a build-up of pollutants, exacerbated by the prevalence of temperature inversions. These inversions trap cooler air near the ground, preventing the vertical dispersion of emissions from mining, industry, and residential sources. Dust from mining operations and construction activities is particularly problematic during this period. The monsoon season, from June to October, brings relief through increased rainfall and stronger winds, effectively flushing out pollutants and significantly improving air quality. However, the onset of the monsoon can initially be accompanied by increased humidity and localized fog, which can temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants in the immediate vicinity. The pre-monsoon period (April-May) often sees a surge in biomass burning as farmers prepare fields, contributing to elevated particulate matter levels. The cooler months (December-January) are generally characterized by calmer winds and increased fog, further hindering pollutant dispersion. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season and be mindful of potential impacts from biomass burning. Outdoor activities are generally best enjoyed during the monsoon months, although vigilance regarding localized fog is advised.