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Sukma, nestled in the southern reaches of Chhattisgarh, India, is a small town deeply embedded within the Bastar region. Its coordinates (18.4000, 81.6667) place it within a landscape dominated by the Dandakaranya forest, a vast expanse of dense woodland and undulating hills. The terrain is primarily hilly and forested, part of the Eastern Ghats, with an elevation ranging between 150-300 meters. The town itself is situated near the confluence of several small rivers and streams, tributaries of the Godavari river system, which provides a vital water source but also contributes to localised humidity. Sukma’s air quality is significantly influenced by its location within this forested region; while forests generally act as carbon sinks, biomass burning for agricultural practices (shifting cultivation is prevalent) and domestic fuel contributes to particulate matter. The surrounding area is largely rural and agricultural, with limited industrial activity within the immediate vicinity. However, mining activities further south in the Bastar region can contribute to regional dust and particulate transport. The urban-rural gradient is sharp, with Sukma serving as a small administrative and commercial hub for a predominantly tribal population engaged in agriculture and forestry. This limited urban infrastructure and reliance on traditional fuels exacerbate localised pollution issues.

Sukma experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. The dry season, from November to April, is characterised by consistently high temperatures and low humidity. This period sees a peak in air pollution, driven by agricultural burning to clear land for the upcoming monsoon season, and increased dust from unpaved roads. January and February are particularly challenging months. The onset of the monsoon in June brings a dramatic shift. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away particulate matter, leading to a significant improvement in air quality. However, the increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. July to September offers the cleanest air, though localised flooding can disrupt daily life. Post-monsoon, from October to November, sees a gradual return to drier conditions and a corresponding increase in dust and localised burning. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the dry season, particularly in January and February. During the monsoon, while air quality improves, precautions against waterborne diseases are crucial. Maintaining good ventilation indoors and using masks during peak pollution periods are recommended.