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Aurangābād, a city in Haryana, India, situated at 27.8940°N, 77.3690°E, occupies a relatively flat expanse within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. With a population of approximately 51,050, it’s a smaller urban centre amidst a predominantly agricultural landscape. The surrounding terrain is characterised by fertile alluvial soils, supporting intensive farming of wheat, rice, and sugarcane. This agricultural activity, while economically vital, contributes to air pollution through seasonal crop residue burning. Aurangābād’s elevation is modest, around 220 meters above sea level, influencing atmospheric dispersion. The city isn’t directly adjacent to any major bodies of water, though smaller seasonal streams and canals irrigate the farmland. While not a major industrial hub itself, Aurangābād is within reach of larger industrial areas in Haryana, and pollutants can be transported by prevailing winds. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; the city core transitions quickly to agricultural fields. This proximity means pollutants generated within Aurangābād, such as from vehicular traffic and local industries (brick kilns are common), are not readily diluted by larger air masses, and are compounded by regional agricultural practices. The lack of significant topographical features hinders natural ventilation, exacerbating pollution build-up, particularly during calmer weather conditions. Understanding this geographical context is crucial for addressing Aurangābād’s air quality challenges.

Aurangābād’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon period, from October to November, typically sees the worst conditions. The burning of crop residue after the harvest, combined with cooler temperatures and stagnant air, leads to a significant spike in particulate matter. Winter, December to February, brings temperature inversions – a layer of warm air trapping cooler, polluted air near the ground – further worsening air quality. Fog also contributes, reducing dispersion. March and April offer some improvement as temperatures rise and winds pick up, but dust storms are common, increasing PM10 levels. The monsoon season, from June to September, generally provides the cleanest air. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, and increased humidity aids in particle deposition. However, increased traffic congestion due to waterlogged roads can locally elevate pollution. May is a transitional month, with rising temperatures and pre-monsoon showers offering intermittent relief. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should avoid prolonged outdoor activity during October-November and December-February. Monitoring local weather patterns and avoiding peak pollution times is advisable. Staying indoors with air purification systems during high pollution episodes is recommended.