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Kheri Naru, nestled in the Mahendergarh district of Haryana, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Indo-Gangetic Plain. Located at approximately 29.6479° N, 76.9110° E, the town sits at an elevation of roughly 240 meters (787 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively flat terrain characteristic of the region. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, a patchwork of cultivated fields supporting crops like wheat, mustard, and pulses – a typical feature of Haryana’s rural economy. This proximity to intensive agricultural practices introduces a localized source of particulate matter, particularly during harvest seasons when stubble burning is prevalent. Kheri Naru’s location is also within reach of industrial belts concentrated around Gurgaon and Faridabad, though the direct impact is moderated by distance. The urban–rural gradient is gradual; Kheri Naru itself represents a small town transitioning from rural agricultural land to a more settled community. The absence of major rivers or lakes in the immediate vicinity limits natural air purification processes. The prevailing winds, often originating from the west, can carry pollutants from distant industrial areas, exacerbating local air quality challenges. The flat topography and limited natural barriers contribute to the stagnation of pollutants, especially during periods of low wind speed, creating conditions conducive to poor air quality. The regional climate, characterized by hot summers and cool winters, further influences atmospheric conditions and pollutant dispersion.

Kheri Naru’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by regional meteorology and agricultural practices. The winter months (November to February) consistently present the most challenging conditions. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground and significantly reducing vertical mixing. Dense fog, a common occurrence during this period, further restricts dispersion. Stubble burning by farmers following the harvest of Kharif crops (monsoon season crops) contributes substantially to particulate matter pollution, creating a smoky haze that blankets the region. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise, and wind speeds increase, aiding in pollutant dispersal. However, dust storms originating from the Thar Desert can occasionally impact air quality. The monsoon season (June-September) brings relief, with rainfall washing away pollutants and increased wind speeds promoting ventilation. However, heavy rainfall can also lead to localized flooding and the release of pollutants from waterlogged areas. The post-monsoon period (October) is a transitional phase, with decreasing rainfall and increasing temperatures, but still relatively cleaner air compared to winter. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the winter months, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution episodes. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purifiers is advisable. During the monsoon, precautions against waterborne diseases are paramount, and awareness of potential flooding-related air quality impacts is important. Overall, minimizing exposure to outdoor air, especially during the colder, calmer months, is crucial for protecting respiratory health.