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Chāvakkād, a coastal town in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India, occupies a unique geographic position influencing its air quality. Situated at 10.5820°N, 76.0410°E, the town lies close to the Arabian Sea, benefitting from moderating maritime influences but also susceptible to sea breeze-driven pollutant dispersion. The terrain is predominantly flat, typical of Kerala’s coastal plains, with a gentle slope inland. This flatness limits natural ventilation and can contribute to localised pollutant build-up. Chāvakkād is surrounded by a rich agricultural landscape, primarily coconut plantations and paddy fields, alongside burgeoning cashew processing industries. While these contribute to the local economy, cashew processing generates particulate matter, impacting air quality. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the town itself is densely populated, while the immediate surroundings are largely rural. Proximity to the National Highway 66 introduces vehicular emissions as a significant pollution source. The backwaters and canals interwoven through the region, while ecologically valuable, can also trap pollutants, reducing dispersion. The coastal location means humidity is consistently high, influencing chemical reactions of pollutants in the atmosphere and potentially exacerbating respiratory issues. Understanding this interplay of coastal, agricultural, and industrial factors is crucial for effective air quality management in Chāvakkād.

Chāvakkād experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons profoundly impacting air quality. The southwest monsoon, typically from June to September, brings heavy rainfall which initially *improves* air quality by washing away particulate matter. However, increased humidity during this period can foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. October and November see a transition period with calmer winds and a gradual build-up of pollutants from local sources. The dry season, from December to February, is generally the period of poorest air quality. Lower rainfall and stable atmospheric conditions lead to pollutant accumulation, particularly from vehicular traffic and cashew processing. Temperature inversions, common during cooler mornings, trap pollutants near ground level. March to May experiences rising temperatures and pre-monsoon showers, offering intermittent relief. Dust from construction and agricultural activities also contributes to particulate matter during these months. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly in the mornings. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial; onshore breezes can bring in marine aerosols, while offshore breezes can exacerbate local pollution. Avoiding peak traffic hours and utilising air purifiers indoors are recommended.