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Chetichēri, a small town in Kerala, India, is situated at coordinates 12.0950°N, 75.5451°E, within the Malappuram district. The terrain is largely flat, characteristic of the coastal plains of Kerala, with an elevation generally below 100 meters. This low-lying geography contributes to limited natural dispersion of pollutants. Chetichēri is nestled amidst a landscape dominated by lush paddy fields and coconut groves, typical of Kerala’s agricultural heartland. The town’s proximity to the Arabian Sea, approximately 20 kilometers west, introduces a humid, maritime climate and influences local wind patterns. While not directly within a major industrial belt, the broader Malappuram district is experiencing increasing small-scale industrial activity, including brick kilns and rubber processing units, which contribute to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; Chetichēri serves as a market and service centre for surrounding rural villages. This concentration of activity, coupled with increasing vehicle traffic, creates pockets of higher pollution. The dense vegetation surrounding the town offers some natural filtration, but its capacity is limited by the increasing pressures of development and agricultural practices like fertilizer use. Understanding this interplay of geography and activity is crucial for addressing air quality concerns in Chetichēri.

Chetichēri experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, heavily influencing its air quality. The southwest monsoon, typically from June to September, brings heavy rainfall which effectively washes away particulate matter, resulting in the cleanest air of the year. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, impacting respiratory health. October and November see a transition period with calmer winds and rising temperatures, leading to a gradual build-up of pollutants from local sources. The dry season, from December to February, is generally the worst period for air quality. Lower rainfall and temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbated by increased burning of agricultural waste after the harvest. March to May brings scorching heat and dry winds, further concentrating dust and emissions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during these months. Fog is common during the cooler months, potentially trapping pollutants. Avoiding peak traffic hours and using masks when outdoors during the dry season are recommended. Monitoring local weather patterns and being aware of agricultural burning practices are key to protecting respiratory health.