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Pottasshēri, a coastal town in Kerala, India, occupies a unique geographic position at coordinates 10.9950°N, 76.5053°E. Situated in the Kannur district, the town is nestled between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats, a landscape characterized by relatively flat coastal plains gradually rising towards the hills. This proximity to the sea significantly influences the local climate and, consequently, air quality. The terrain is predominantly alluvial, formed by the deposition of sediments from rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats. Pottasshēri’s urban character is that of a developing coastal settlement, with a population of approximately 17,100, exhibiting a blend of traditional Kerala architecture and modern construction. The surrounding landscape is a mix of coconut plantations, paddy fields, and fishing villages. While not a major industrial hub, the region supports small-scale industries like beedi making and fishing, contributing to localised pollution sources. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land immediately bordering the town. The coastal location means sea breezes play a crucial role in dispersing pollutants, but can also trap them during calm conditions. The influence of the monsoon winds and the potential for salt spray deposition are also key factors affecting the atmospheric composition.

Pottasshēri experiences a tropical climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons dictating air quality patterns. The southwest monsoon, typically from June to September, brings heavy rainfall which effectively washes particulate matter from the air, resulting in generally improved air quality during these months. However, increased humidity can foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. October and November see a transition period with calmer winds and a build-up of pollutants. The dry season, from December to May, presents the most challenging air quality conditions. Lower wind speeds and temperature inversions, common during the cooler months, trap pollutants near the ground. January and February often experience stagnant air, exacerbating the issue. Dust from construction and agricultural activities, combined with emissions from local industries and vehicular traffic, contribute to increased particulate matter. March to May sees rising temperatures and potential for localised wildfires, further degrading air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly in the late afternoons and evenings. Monitoring local weather patterns and avoiding strenuous exercise on poor air quality days is advisable.