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Thillangéri, a small town nestled within the coastal state of Kerala, India, occupies a geographically significant position. Located at coordinates 11.9500°N, 75.6167°E, the town’s terrain is largely flat, characteristic of the coastal plains of the Malabar Coast. Its proximity to the Arabian Sea, just a few kilometers west, exerts a strong influence on the local climate and, consequently, air quality. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of lush coconut groves, paddy fields, and dense vegetation, typical of Kerala’s agrarian economy. While Thillangéri itself isn’t heavily industrialised, its location within the broader Kozhikode district means it’s susceptible to regional pollution sources. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the town is a localized hub surrounded by predominantly agricultural land. This proximity to agricultural practices introduces potential sources of particulate matter from biomass burning and fertilizer use. The relatively low elevation contributes to potential temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. The coastal breezes offer some dispersion, but can also carry pollutants from nearby urban centres along the coastline. Understanding this interplay of geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Thillangéri.

Thillangéri experiences a tropical climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons heavily influencing air quality. The southwest monsoon, typically arriving in June and lasting until September, brings heavy rainfall which effectively washes particulate matter from the air, resulting in generally improved air quality during these months. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. October to February constitutes the drier season, marked by lower rainfall and calmer winds. This period often sees a build-up of pollutants, particularly dust and particulate matter from construction and agricultural activities. January and February are often the months with the least atmospheric cleansing. The pre-monsoon season (March-May) is characterised by rising temperatures and increasing dryness, exacerbating dust pollution and creating conditions conducive to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during these drier months. Fog, common during the cooler months, can also trap pollutants, reducing visibility and worsening air quality. Avoiding strenuous activity during peak heat hours and monitoring personal health are vital precautions.