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Deori Khās, nestled in the heart of Madhya Pradesh, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Satpura range foothills. Located at coordinates 23.3902°N, 79.0163°E, the town’s terrain is characterised by undulating plains transitioning into gentle slopes as it approaches the forested areas to the south. The surrounding landscape is predominantly rural, dominated by agricultural lands cultivating crops like wheat, rice, and pulses. The Pench River flows relatively close, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to localised temperature inversions. While not directly within a major industrial belt, the increasing regional industrial activity in nearby districts contributes to background pollution levels. Deori Khās exhibits a clear urban-rural gradient; the town itself is a concentrated settlement, but quickly gives way to agricultural fields and forested areas. This proximity to both agricultural practices (potential for biomass burning) and developing industrial zones creates a complex air quality scenario. The elevation, though not high, influences wind patterns and the dispersion of pollutants. Dust from unpaved roads and agricultural activities is a significant local contributor to particulate matter, exacerbated by the region’s seasonal dryness. The town’s location within a broader agricultural region means seasonal crop residue burning is a key factor.

Deori Khās experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern dictated by the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The monsoon season (June-September) generally brings improved air quality due to rainfall washing away pollutants and suppressing dust. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. October-November sees a deterioration as post-monsoon conditions bring stagnant air and increased biomass burning from crop residue disposal after the harvest. This period often experiences the poorest air quality. Winter (December-February) is characterised by cooler temperatures and potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the early mornings. Dry winds can also contribute to dust suspension. March-May marks the pre-monsoon season, with rising temperatures and increasing dust storms, leading to a gradual decline in air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during October-November and March-May. Avoiding peak hours (early morning and evening) during winter is also advisable. Monitoring local weather patterns and being aware of agricultural burning practices is crucial for protecting respiratory health throughout the year. The monsoon offers the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.