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Seoni Chhapāra, nestled in the Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader landscape of the state. Located at approximately 22.39°N latitude and 79.54°E longitude, the town sits at an elevation of roughly 330 meters (1083 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate. The surrounding terrain is characterized by rolling hills and dense deciduous forests, typical of the Central Indian Plateau. This proximity to forested areas, while ecologically valuable, can also contribute to particulate matter in the air, particularly during the dry season when leaf litter burns. Seoni Chhapāra’s location is strategically important; it lies on the periphery of the Mandla Plateau, a region known for its mineral resources and agricultural activity. The town’s urban fabric is relatively compact, reflecting its smaller population of around 17,429. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with agricultural fields and small villages blending seamlessly into the town’s outskirts. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, the region receives water from seasonal streams and relies on groundwater resources. The absence of large-scale industrial zones within the immediate vicinity is a mitigating factor for air pollution, however, the presence of nearby coal mines and agricultural practices, including burning of crop residue, can influence local air quality. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, transport pollutants from surrounding regions, impacting Seoni Chhapāra’s air quality profile.

Seoni Chhapāra experiences a distinct wet and dry season, significantly influencing its air quality dynamics. The dry season, typically spanning from October to May, is characterized by lower humidity, higher temperatures, and a greater propensity for temperature inversions. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, leading to periods of stagnant air and elevated particulate matter. Agricultural burning, a common practice after the harvest season (November-December), contributes significantly to this pollution. Dust storms, particularly in March and April, further exacerbate the problem. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief through increased rainfall, which naturally washes away pollutants and improves air quality. However, the onset of the monsoon can also be accompanied by increased humidity and fog, which can temporarily reduce visibility and trap moisture-laden pollutants. The winter months (December-January) are often the most challenging, with cold temperatures and fog creating conditions conducive to pollutant accumulation. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during these periods, limiting outdoor activity and wearing masks when necessary. The transitional months of April and October, with shifting wind patterns and temperature fluctuations, can also experience variable air quality. During the hotter months, increased use of vehicles and potential for dust from unpaved roads can contribute to localized pollution spikes. Overall, minimizing exposure during the dry, cooler months is advisable for maintaining respiratory health.