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Chittūr, nestled in the undulating landscape of Tamil Nadu, India, occupies a strategically important position within the Eastern Ghats. Located at approximately 11.55°N, 77.71°E, the city’s geography is characterized by a gently sloping terrain, rising gradually from the surrounding plains. Its elevation, around 240 meters above sea level, influences local weather patterns and contributes to the potential for temperature inversions, a key factor in air quality. Chittūr sits on the fringes of the Palar River basin, benefiting from the river's presence, though its impact on air quality is less direct than other factors. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – predominantly rice and pulses – interspersed with rocky outcrops and scrubland typical of the region. A significant urban–rural gradient exists, with the city acting as a commercial hub for the surrounding agricultural communities. To the north and west, the landscape transitions into more rugged terrain of the Eastern Ghats, impacting prevailing wind patterns. Industrially, Chittūr is experiencing growth, with small-scale manufacturing and stone quarries contributing to localized pollution sources. The proximity to the industrial belt around Ranipet, further north, also introduces a regional element to air quality concerns, with pollutants potentially transported by prevailing winds. The city’s location, therefore, presents a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors shaping its air quality profile.

Chittūr’s tropical climate dictates a distinct wet and dry season pattern, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from March to May, is often characterized by elevated particulate matter concentrations. Reduced rainfall and lower humidity contribute to dust resuspension from agricultural lands and construction sites. Furthermore, the lack of rainfall limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation, allowing pollutants to accumulate. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating the problem. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief as increased rainfall washes away pollutants and higher wind speeds disperse them. However, monsoon winds can also carry pollutants from neighboring industrial areas. October and November represent a transitional period, with gradually decreasing rainfall and increasing temperatures, potentially leading to a renewed rise in pollution levels. Fog, particularly in the cooler months (December-February), can significantly reduce visibility and trap pollutants, creating localized air quality challenges. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution periods. Agricultural workers should be particularly mindful of dust exposure. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purifiers can offer some protection. The monsoon months generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, though vigilance regarding regional pollution transport remains important.