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Harūr, nestled in the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, India, occupies a relatively flat terrain at an elevation of approximately 270 meters above sea level. Its coordinates (12.0510, 78.4827) place it within the semi-arid plains of southern India, characterized by a hot and dry climate for much of the year. The city is situated near the foothills of the Eastern Ghats, though the immediate surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, dominated by farmland cultivating crops like mangoes, coconuts, and grains. The Pennayar River flows nearby, influencing local humidity and potentially contributing to localized temperature inversions. Harūr’s urban character is that of a developing town, experiencing growth linked to agricultural processing and small-scale industries. The surrounding rural gradient is steep, transitioning quickly to agricultural lands and sparsely populated villages. This proximity to agricultural activity introduces potential sources of particulate matter from dust and crop residue burning. While not a major industrial hub itself, Harūr’s location along transport routes connecting larger industrial centers in Tamil Nadu means it experiences some through-traffic and associated emissions. The lack of significant natural barriers to air flow means pollutants can accumulate during stable atmospheric conditions, impacting local air quality.

Harūr experiences a distinct seasonal air quality pattern dictated by the monsoon and prevailing winds. The pre-monsoon months of March to May are typically the worst for air quality. Rising temperatures create unstable atmospheric conditions, dispersing pollutants initially, but also increasing ground-level ozone formation. Dust from agricultural activities and road construction contributes significantly to particulate matter. The southwest monsoon, arriving in June and lasting through September, brings temporary relief. Rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, stagnant conditions during breaks in the monsoon can lead to localized pollution build-up. October to February represents the post-monsoon and winter season. Cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground, particularly in the early mornings. Wind speeds are generally lower, reducing dispersion. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during these months, especially before midday. November and December often see the poorest visibility due to fog and pollutant accumulation. Avoiding strenuous outdoor exercise during peak pollution periods and using appropriate respiratory protection are advisable.