Nasiyanūr, nestled in the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Deccan Plateau region. Located at approximately 11.3381° N latitude and 77.6408° E longitude, the town sits at an elevation of roughly 550 meters above sea level, contributing to a relatively moderate climate. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating hills and plains, typical of the region's granite-gneiss terrain. While not directly adjacent to a major river, Nasiyanūr benefits from proximity to the Cauvery River basin, influencing local rainfall patterns and groundwater availability. The town’s urban character is primarily rural, exhibiting a gradual urban–rural gradient as one moves outwards. Agriculture plays a vital role in the local economy, with surrounding areas dominated by dryland farming of crops like millets, pulses, and groundnuts. This agricultural activity, while essential for livelihoods, can contribute to localized air pollution through practices like crop residue burning, particularly during post-harvest seasons. Further afield, the industrial belt around Salem, approximately 80 kilometers north, introduces a potential source of regional air pollutants that can be transported by prevailing winds. The town's relatively small size and dispersed population mean that localized pollution sources, such as vehicular emissions and small-scale industries, have a more immediate and noticeable impact on air quality within Nasiyanūr itself. Topography, with its gentle slopes, can also influence the dispersion of pollutants, potentially leading to localized trapping under certain meteorological conditions.

Nasiyanūr experiences a tropical wet-dry climate, significantly impacting its air quality throughout the year. The monsoon season, typically spanning June to September, brings relief from accumulated pollutants as consistent rainfall washes particulate matter from the atmosphere. However, the immediate post-monsoon period (October-November) often sees a rise in air quality concerns. Farmers engaging in post-harvest crop residue burning to clear fields for the next planting season contribute significantly to increased particulate pollution. This is exacerbated by calmer wind conditions and occasional temperature inversions, which trap pollutants near the ground. The winter months (December-February) are generally drier and cooler, with periods of fog that further impede pollutant dispersion, leading to stagnant air and potential for elevated levels of certain pollutants. Spring (March-May) brings warmer temperatures and increased wind speeds, generally improving air quality as pollutants are dispersed. However, dust storms originating from the northern plains can occasionally impact Nasiyanūr during this period. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the post-monsoon and winter months, limiting prolonged outdoor exposure and avoiding strenuous activity when air quality is visibly affected. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial. Awareness campaigns promoting responsible agricultural practices and reducing vehicular emissions are crucial for mitigating air pollution throughout the year.