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Periya Semūr, nestled within the Tamil Nadu landscape at coordinates 11.3700°N, 77.6908°E, presents a fascinating case study in urban air quality. The city, home to approximately 55,282 residents, is situated on relatively flat terrain characteristic of the Cauvery Delta region. This proximity to the Cauvery River and its extensive network of canals is crucial, influencing local humidity and potentially trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. Surrounding Periya Semūr is a predominantly agricultural zone, dominated by rice paddies and other crops. While this offers a degree of natural filtration, agricultural practices – including seasonal burning of crop residue – contribute to particulate matter pollution. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city acting as a regional service centre for surrounding villages. The lack of significant elevation means limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. Industrial activity is present, though not overwhelmingly concentrated within Periya Semūr itself, with some smaller-scale processing of agricultural products. The city’s location, while benefiting from agricultural productivity, creates a geographical predisposition to air quality challenges, particularly during periods of stagnant air and agricultural burning. Understanding these factors is vital for effective mitigation strategies.

Periya Semūr experiences a tropical climate, with air quality fluctuating significantly between the wet and dry seasons. The northeast monsoon, arriving between October and December, brings substantial rainfall, effectively washing away many pollutants and resulting in the clearest air of the year. November and December are generally the most favourable months for outdoor activity. However, the increased humidity can also exacerbate the impact of certain pollutants. The dry season, from January to May, sees a gradual deterioration in air quality. Rising temperatures and stagnant air create conditions for pollutant build-up, particularly dust and particulate matter from agricultural activities and road traffic. March and April are typically the worst months. The southwest monsoon, though less impactful than the northeast, offers brief periods of relief in June and July. Post-monsoon, from September to October, sees a resurgence of dust and localised pollution. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season and periods of agricultural burning. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial, as breezes can temporarily alleviate conditions, while calm days lead to rapid pollutant accumulation.