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Meerut occupies a strategic position in the fertile Upper Gangetic Plain of western Uttar Pradesh, approximately 70 kilometers northeast of Delhi, placing it within the National Capital Region's influential sphere. Situated at an elevation of about 225 meters above sea level, the city's terrain is predominantly flat alluvial plains, with the Hindon River flowing to its east—a seasonal watercourse that often runs dry, contributing to dust issues. This location within India's agricultural heartland means Meerut is surrounded by intensive farming zones, particularly wheat and rice paddies, whose post-harvest residue burning significantly impacts air quality. The urban character blends historic Mughal-era significance with rapid modern expansion, creating an urban–rural gradient where peri-urban areas host numerous small-scale industries like scissors and sports goods manufacturing. Meerut's position in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plain exacerbates pollution through regional transport of pollutants from Delhi and adjoining western Uttar Pradesh, while its flat topography inhibits natural ventilation, allowing pollutants to accumulate. The absence of significant water bodies or elevation changes means there are few natural barriers to pollution dispersion, making the city particularly vulnerable to temperature inversions during winter months when cold air traps pollutants close to the ground.

Meerut's air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by its humid subtropical climate and regional agricultural practices. During winter (October to January), pollution peaks dramatically due to multiple converging factors: post-monsoon crop residue burning in surrounding farmlands releases massive particulate plumes, while cooler temperatures create frequent ground-level temperature inversions that trap pollutants. Dense fog episodes, common in December and January, further exacerbate pollution by combining with emissions to form toxic smog. The monsoon season (July to September) brings the cleanest air, as heavy rainfall effectively scrubs pollutants from the atmosphere and winds disperse local emissions. However, this period also sees occasional flooding that can stir up sediment and debris. Spring (February to March) experiences moderate pollution with increasing temperatures improving vertical mixing, though occasional dust storms from the Thar Desert region can cause temporary spikes. Summer (April to June) brings extreme heat that accelerates photochemical reactions, increasing ozone levels despite better dispersion. Sensitive groups—especially those with respiratory conditions, children, and the elderly—should minimize outdoor activity from October through January, particularly during morning hours when inversion layers are strongest. The monsoon months offer the safest window for outdoor exercise and activities.