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Sherkot, situated in Uttar Pradesh, India (29.35°N, 78.58°E), occupies a geographically significant position within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the alluvial plains formed by the Yamuna River and its tributaries. This low-lying topography, averaging around 210 meters above sea level, contributes to a natural tendency for air pollutants to accumulate, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. Sherkot lies within a region heavily influenced by agricultural practices; surrounding the city are extensive farmlands, primarily dedicated to wheat and rice cultivation, which contribute to seasonal particulate matter through stubble burning. To the east, the landscape gradually transitions into a more rural setting, while to the west, the urban gradient slowly increases towards larger regional hubs. The absence of significant bodies of water within immediate proximity further limits natural air purification processes. While not directly adjacent to major industrial belts, Sherkot’s location within Uttar Pradesh places it within reach of industrial zones concentrated in larger cities like Agra and Kanpur, which can contribute to transboundary pollution events. The flat, expansive landscape, combined with agricultural activity and regional industrial influence, creates a setting where air quality is particularly susceptible to external factors and local emissions, making understanding meteorological patterns crucial for managing air pollution.

Sherkot’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s monsoonal climate. The dry season, spanning roughly October to May, presents the most significant air quality challenges. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees a sharp increase in particulate matter due to widespread agricultural stubble burning, a practice common for clearing fields for the winter wheat crop. This period is often characterized by stagnant air and frequent fog, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Winter months (December-February) experience cooler temperatures and temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air, preventing vertical mixing and further exacerbating pollution accumulation. The onset of the monsoon (June-September) brings relief, with increased rainfall and stronger winds dispersing pollutants. However, the monsoon season isn't entirely benign; periods of heavy rainfall can lead to waterlogging and the release of methane from decomposing organic matter, contributing to ground-level ozone formation. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, but dust storms originating from the Thar Desert can occasionally impact air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during stubble burning periods and when fog is prevalent. Outdoor activities are best avoided during these times, and the use of air purifiers and masks is recommended.