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Rāmpur, a small town in the Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India, occupies a relatively flat terrain within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Situated at coordinates 26.4424°N, 89.8038°E, its elevation is modest, contributing to limited natural air dispersion. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by extensive rice paddies and jute cultivation, typical of the region. Rāmpur’s position isn’t directly adjacent to major rivers like the Ganges, but benefits from a network of smaller tributaries and canals crucial for irrigation. This agricultural dominance, while vital for the local economy, introduces sources of particulate matter through crop residue burning and fertilizer application. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; Rāmpur serves as a market town for surrounding villages, leading to increased vehicular traffic and localized concentrations of pollutants. While not a major industrial hub, small-scale brick kilns and rice mills operate in the vicinity, adding to the emission load. The town’s location within the densely populated Gangetic Plain means it’s susceptible to regional pollution transport from larger urban centres. Limited green cover within the town itself further exacerbates the challenges to air quality, hindering natural filtration and pollutant dispersal.

Rāmpur’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon period, from October to November, often sees a deterioration in air quality. Reduced wind speeds and temperature inversions trap pollutants emitted from agricultural burning and local industries. This is a period to avoid strenuous outdoor activity, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The winter months (December-February) bring cooler temperatures and stagnant air, exacerbating pollution levels. Fog formation further reduces visibility and traps pollutants near the ground. The pre-monsoon months (March-May) witness rising temperatures and dust storms, increasing particulate matter concentrations. May, before the monsoon’s arrival, is typically the worst month for air quality. The monsoon season (June-September) provides a temporary respite. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, and increased wind speeds aid dispersion. However, increased humidity can also promote the formation of secondary pollutants. Sensitive individuals should still exercise caution during periods of heavy rainfall and potential flooding, as mould spores can trigger respiratory issues. Overall, the monsoon months offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, though vigilance is always advised.