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Sālār is situated within the fertile expanse of the Murshidabad district in West Bengal, deeply embedded in the vast alluvial plains of the lower Gangetic basin. Its geography is characterized by an exceptionally flat terrain, which plays a critical role in the stagnation of atmospheric pollutants. Positioned as a transition zone between dense rural agricultural hinterlands and burgeoning semi-urban clusters, the town exhibits a distinct urban–rural gradient. The surrounding landscape is dominated by sprawling paddy fields and jute plantations, which define the region's economic and environmental character. Proximity to the intricate network of tributaries feeding into the Bhagirathi river ensures high humidity levels, which often interact with particulate matter to create dense haze. Because the elevation is minimal, there are few natural topographical barriers to disrupt wind flow, yet the lack of significant relief contributes to the trapping of pollutants during periods of atmospheric stability. The town's position within the Indo-Gangetic Plain means it is subject to the regional transport of aerosols, where pollution from distant industrial belts in the west can drift eastward. Local air quality is further influenced by the concentration of biomass burning for domestic energy and the seasonal incineration of crop residues and local transport emissions. The humid subtropical climate ensures that the air remains heavy, further complicating the dispersal of fine particulates across the landscape, making the geographic positioning of Sālār a primary driver of its unique atmospheric profile and the persistence of ground-level pollutants.

The air quality narrative in Sālār follows a rigorous seasonal cycle dictated by the Indian monsoon and winter temperature inversions. During the summer months, high temperatures and strong convective currents typically keep the air relatively clear, although road dust and suspended particulates increase due to the arid conditions. The arrival of the southwest monsoon from June to September brings the cleanest air of the year, as heavy precipitation effectively scrubs the atmosphere of pollutants through wet deposition. However, the transition into autumn and winter marks a significant decline in air quality. From November to February, the region experiences shallow boundary layers and temperature inversions, where cold air traps pollutants close to the ground. This period coincides with the burning of crop residues and increased reliance on biomass for heating, leading to a peak in particulate matter. Dense winter fog often exacerbates the situation, creating a smoggy veil that reduces visibility and increases respiratory stress and regional smog across the Murshidabad district. Consequently, these winter months are the most hazardous for sensitive groups, including children and the elderly, who should limit prolonged outdoor exposure during early mornings. Spring brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise, though pre-monsoon dust storms can temporarily spike pollution levels. For optimal health, residents are encouraged to engage in outdoor activities during the monsoon window and exercise caution during the stagnant winter air, utilizing air-purifying plants or masks when the haze becomes palpable to protect their respiratory systems.